During the rapid succession of events in August， ， it was clearly proved that the preparation for defense was insufficient. Public feeling was especially aroused by the realization of the grave failings which appeared in the organization of the Health Service. My own attention was particularly drawn to this situation， and I soon found a field of activity which， once entered upon， absorbed the greatest part of my time and efforts until the end of the war， and even for some time thereafter. The work was the organization of radiologic and radio-therapeutic services for the military hospitals. But I also had to make the change， during these difficult war years， of my laboratory into the new building of the Institute of Radium and to continue， in the measure possible to me， regular teaching， as well as to investigate certain problems， especially interesting the military service.
It is well known that the X-rays offer surgeons and doctors extremely useful means for the examination of the sick and wounded. They make possible the discovery and the exact location of projectiles which have entered the body， and this is a great help in their extraction. These rays also reveal lesions of bones and of the internal organs and permit one to follow the progress of recovery from internal injuries. The use of the X-rays during the war saved the lives of many wounded men； it also saved many from long suffering and lasting infirmity. To all the wounded it gave a greater chance of recovery.
However， at the beginning of the war， the Military Board of Health had no organization of radiology， while the civil organization was also but little developed. Radiologic installations existed in only a small number of importants hospitals， and there were only a few specialists in the large cities. The numerous new hospitals that were established all over France in the first months of the war had， as a rule， no installation for the use of X-rays.
To meet this need I first gathered together all the apparatus I could find in the laboratories and stores. With this equipment I established in August and September， ， several stations of radiology， the operation of which was assured by volunteer helpers to whom I gave instruction. These stations rendered great service during the battle of the Marne. But as they could not satisfy the needs of all the hospitals of the Paris region， I fitted up， with the help of the Red Cross， a radiologic car. It was simply a touring motor-car， arranged for the transport of a complete radiologic apparatus， together with a dynamo that was worked by the engine of the car， and furnished the electric current necessary for the production of the rays. This car could come at the call of any of the hospitals， large or small， in the surroundings of Paris. Cases of urgent need were frequent， for these hospitals had to take care of the wounded who could not be transported to more distant places.
The first results of this work showed that it was necessary to do more. Thanks to special donations and to the help of a very efficient relief committee called "le Patronage National des Blessés，" I succeeded in developing my initiative to a considerable extent. About two hundred radiologic installations were established or materially improved through my efforts in the zone of the French and Belgian armies， and in the regions of France not occupied by the army. I was able， besides， to equip in my laboratory and give to the army twenty radiologic cars. The frames of these cars were donated by， various persons who wished to be helpful； some of them offered also the equipment. The cars were of the greatest service to the army，particularly important in the first two years of the war， when the regular military service possessed but few radiologic instruments. Later the Board of Health created， little by little， a considerable radiologic service of its own， as the utility of the stations was more clearly realized owing to the example given by private initiative. But the needs of the armies were so great， that my co？peration continued necessary to the end of the war， and even afterwards.
I could not have accomplished this work without seeing for myself the needs of the ambulance stations and hospitals. Thanks to the help of the Red Cross and to the agreement of the Board of Health， I was able to make several journeys to the army zones and to the other parts of France. Several times I visited the ambulance stations of the armies of the north and in the Belgian zone， going to Amiens， Calais， Dunkirk， Furnes， and Poperinghe. I went to Verdun， Nancy， Luneville， Belfort， to Compiegne， and Villers-Cotterets. In the regions distant from the front， I took care of many hospitals which had to do very intensive work with little aid. And I keep as a precious recollection of that time， many letters of warm recognition from those to whom I brought help in their difficulties.
